Advanced Journal of Chemistry, Section B: Natural Products and Medical Chemistry
Volume:5 Issue: 3, Summer 2023

Concerning the use of remifentanil and dexamethasone drugs each alone in creating painless childbirth, and also in the process of facilitating childbirth to increase the pain as much as possible and minimize the complications and possibly help the progress of labor, we decided that the effect of dexamethasone in combination to investigate with remifentanil in the control of labor pain in this systematic review.

In this review article, the keywords that were selected based on MeSh and searched based on them included Remifentanil, labor, pain, Dexamethasone, combination, acceptability, effectiveness, vaginal delivery, VAS, headache, surgical delivery, hemodynamically stable, and hemodynamically.

The average pain intensity in the treatment groups was measured and evaluated on four occasions 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes after the intervention. The results showed that the average numerical scale of pain intensity measurement based on VAS in the group receiving remifentanil and dexamethasone 30 minutes after the start of the intervention was equal to 6.06 and the average of the same scores in the group receiving remifentanil at the same time was 6.83.

The simultaneous use of remifentanil and dexamethasone is recommended in comparison to the use of remifentanil because it is safe for both mother and child and causes more favorable analgesia and fewer complications during childbirth.

Several heavy metals are found naturally in the earth’s crust and are exploited for various industrial and economic purposes. Among these heavy metals, a few have direct or indirect impact in the human body. Some of these heavy metals such as copper, cobalt, iron, nickel, magnesium, molybdenum, chromium, selenium, manganese, and zinc have functional roles which are essential for various diverse physiological and biochemical activities in the body. However, some of these heavy metals in high doses can be harmful to the body and in minute quantities have delirious effects on the body causing acute and chronic toxicities in humans. The process of removal of heavy metals is important due to their toxic effects on living organisms. Conventional methods possess many irreconcilable disadvantages pertaining to cost and efficiency. As a result, an in vitro laboratory-scale batch technique was employed to examine the removal efficacy of a novel unmodified natural biosorbent, Opuntia fragalis leaf (OFL) for detoxification of Cu(II) ions from human blood plasma. The outcome of detoxification of Cu(II) ions from human blood plasma using an unmodified biosorbent was accomplished by optimizing biosorption parameters such as biosorbent dosage, initial Cu(II) ions concentration, pH, and agitation time. The percentage of detoxification increases as the biosorption factors were increased with an optimum biosorbent dose of 2 g, initial Cu(II) ions concentration of 40 mg/L, pH of 6 and contact time of 60 minutes. The unmodified natural biosorbent was characterized to investigate the functional groups responsible for binding the Cu(II) ions from the blood plasma onto the biosorbent using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. It was revealed that -N-O, -N-H, -C-C-, and -OH were accountable for Cu(II) ions detoxification from human blood plasma. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) identified pores present on the biosorbent and revealed the biosorbent's outstanding surface chemistry. The experimental values were subjected to the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms. The correlation of fitness, R2 (0.8231) value of the Langmuir isotherm model correlates best among the biosorption isotherms; thus, it best explains the detoxification process. Q0 for Langmuir monolayer coverage is 1.8103 mg/g which infers the maximum amount of Cu(II) ions biosorbed per pore site. The dimensionless factor RL= 0.0234 implies that the biosorption process is favourable. The Freundlich isotherm biosorption intensity, n is 1.9912 connotes the extent of binding affinity between the Cu (II) ions and the untreated biosorbent. The Temkin isotherm model yielded a biosorption heat of 6.4237 j/mol. In addition, the experimental data were subjected to multiple kinetic models to determine the rate of Cu(II) ions detoxification from human blood plasma. The pseudo-second order model fits best among the examined models, with the highest R2 value of 1.

Quantum chemical parameters and molecular dynamic simulation studies were used to evaluate the corrosion inhibition of mild steel using pyrimidine derivatives (5-Phenoxy-6-phenyl-4-p-tolyl-1H-pyrimidin-2-one (PMO), 5-(7-Oxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]hepta-1(6),2,4-trien-2-yloxy)-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine (PMA), and 5-Phenoxy-6-phenyl-4-p-tolyl-1H-pyrimidine-2-thione (PMS)) as inhibitors. The pyrimidine derivatives were geometrically optimized using DFT with a restricted spin polarization, DNP basis set, and a local density function B3LYP. According to the local or global reactivity parameters investigated, including the energy gap (ΔE), dipole moment (μ), electronegativity (χ), global hardness (η), global electrophilicity index (ω), nucleophilicity (ε), energy of back donation (ΔEb-d), and fraction of electron transfer (ΔN) between the inhibitor molecule and the iron surface, PMS is relatively a better inhibitor on Fe(111) surface than other inhibitors studied. This is demonstrated by its higher nucleophilicity. According to the evaluated Fukui indices, the interaction point between molecules and Fe(111) surface involve heteroatoms of sulphur, oxygen, and nitrogen that donate electrons which are wholly nucleophilic in nature. The nature and strength of the compounds' adsorption on the Fe(111) surface was described by quenched molecular dynamics simulations in the following order: PMS>PMO>PMA. There is relatively a weak interaction for the studied molecules with the Fe(111) surface, according to the measured molecular bond lengths and angles before and after adsorption and as well as the calculated adsorption/binding energies. It is suggested that physical adsorption mechanism can be used to describe the nature of the interaction of the pyrimidine derivative molecules with the Fe (111) surface.

This work gives mastery over the asbestos fibers that found their way to talc material in baby powder. There are two kinds of baby powder made up of (i) Baby powder is based on talc material with components and (ii) Baby powder based on corn starch with talcum. The new research points to the connection between asbestos molecules and several types of cancers. Asbestos is a natural appearance and it was used as thermal insulating material in factories and has been elicited for its risks on the workingman. The widest method to detect asbestos fibers is microscopes and the SEM was used in this study to detect asbestos fibers in different products from local markets further more iodine test to discover if the product has starch. In this work, sex of twelve samples of baby powder may contain asbestos fibers and two contain starch.

The micellization of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) with promethazine hydrochloride (PMZ) in water/electrolyte environment was investigated using the conductivity measuring technique. In aqueous solutions of water, sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) at various concentrations and temperatures, a number of physico-chemical parameters, including the critical micelle concentration (CMC), fraction of bound counter ions ( ), and thermodynamic properties ( 𝑚, , , and( m), were determined for the SDS/PMZ mixture. The findings demonstrated that the CMC values decreased in the presence of PMZ and continued to decline monolitically in the electrolytic media (NaCl, KCl, and NH4Cl), with the order being CMCNaCl > CMCKCl > CMCNH4Cl. The SDS/PMZ mixture's CMC values changed with temperature. The negative values of 𝑚 suggested that a spontaneous aggregation event existed in the SDS/PMZ system. The values of  and  showed that the PMZ molecule interacted with SDS via hydrogen bonds, ion-dipoles, and hydrophobic interactions. In addition, the system's standard molar heat capacity ( m) was assessed and established with the required reasons. These results might offer a solid scientific basis for the continued use of this model as medication delivery systems.

Today, two serious issues threaten human life, such as water pollution with hydrogen sulfide and the emerging corona disease. The special structure of hemoglobin of worms can remove hydrogen sulfide and carry a large amount of oxygen at the same time, and therefore, it is a suitable candidate for solving these two problems. Accordingly, the hemoglobin of Eisenia foetida worms was extracted by homogenization and several centrifuges and filters, and then the dimensions of hemoglobin were measured by dynamic light scattering technique, and the concentration and number of disulfide bonds in hemoglobin were investigated. The results showed that hemoglobin purity after the third stage of centrifugation and the second filtration was 56.2 and 91.3%, the measured diameter was 155.5 and 596.9 nm, the concentration of hemoglobin was 0.015 mol/liter, and the number of disulfide bonds was 120, respectively. According to the results of the examination, the extracted hemoglobin, having a large number of disulfide bonds, can react with hydrogen sulfide, and having very large dimensions, it is suitable for carrying a lot of oxygen.